Wright Brothers Day

Wright Brothers Day commemorates the first successful flight of a mechanically propelled and heavier-than-air airplane. This feat was reached by Orville and Wilbur Wright on December 17, 1903, at a spot about five miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in what is now the town of Kill Devil Hills, on the Atlantic Coast.

The holiday was first officially celebrated in 1959. On September 21, 1959, a joint resolution by Congress designated the day, and President Eisenhower issued a proclamation for it. He called for the displaying of the flag on government buildings, and for "ceremonies and activities designed to honor the memory of Orville and Wilbur Wright, and to further interest and activity in the field of aviation in this country." A similar joint resolution was passed on September 21, 1961, and President Kennedy issued a proclamation the same day. Since 1963, the holiday has been observed each year, following the passage of a joint resolution on December 17, 1963, which requested the president to issue a proclamation for the day annually. President Johnson issued a proclamation on the day, and presidents have continued to do so since. A similar holiday, Pan American Aviation Day, is also held today.

Various official and unofficial events have marked Wright Brothers Day. An annual Wright Memorial Dinner, where the Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy is handed out, takes place in Washington D.C. each year, on the Friday closest to the date. Events are held in Kitty Hawk and in Kill Devil Hills, where the Wright Brother National Memorial is located. Events are often also held in Dayton, Ohio, the hometown of the Wright brothers.

Wilbur, born in 1867, and Orville, born in 1871, were two of seven siblings. Their father Milton was a preacher who spent a lot of time on the road. He often brought his children back toys, and in 1878 he brought Wilbur and Orville a small model helicopter. Based on a design by Alphonse Pénaud, it was powered by a rubber band and made of bamboo, cork, and paper. It piqued the brothers' interest in aviation.

In 1889, the brothers started a newspaper called West Side News. Three years later, they opened their own bicycle shop, where they built, sold, and repaired bicycles. They were interested in mechanical projects and science, and their interest in aviation increased when they began following the glider experimentation work of Otto Lilienthal in the 1890s. After Lilienthal died in a glider crash in 1896, the Wright brothers began their own experiments.

The Wright brothers wrote to the U.S. Weather Bureau asking about ideal places to fly a glider and chose to go to an area known for having strong winds, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, where the town of Kill Devil Hills is now located. They built their first glider in 1900; it did not fly too well. They came up with a new design the following year, which worked better. Later that year, they built a wind tunnel and used it to test about 200 wings and airframes. During 1902, they had many successful flights with a biplane glider that could be steered with a movable rudder.

Back in their hometown of Dayton, Ohio, they built an airplane. With the help of Charles Taylor, they built a 12-horsepower internal combustion engine for it. In the fall of 1903, they transported the disassembled plane to the same area they had done their glider tests. They put it together and did a few tests before attempting to fly it on December 14. Orville was at the controls when it stalled shortly after takeoff. The plane was damaged and it took them three days to repair it.

On December 17, at 10:35 a.m., Orville took off again. This time his flight lasted 12 seconds and he went 120 feet. Five people were present to witness it. Three more test flights were done that day, and the brothers took turns doing them. Wilbur took the fourth and final flight of the day, flying for 59 seconds and going 852 feet. Others had built experimental aircraft before, but on this day the Wright brothers made a few firsts. They were the first to fly a fixed-wing plane that had aircraft controls with a moveable rudder and the first to fly a mechanically propelled aircraft that was heavier than air. Their achievement set the groundwork for more aviation advancements to be made in the future.

Over the next few years, the brothers kept building, and got patents and contracts for their work. By 1905, they had built an airplane with complex maneuver capabilities that could stay in the air for almost forty minutes. Wilbur went to Europe in 1908, and he gave rides in airplanes to people of note in France. Orville arrived the following year, and they began selling their planes in Europe before returning to the United States later that year. They started the Wright Company and became wealthy after selling in both Europe and the United States. Wilbur died of typhoid fever in 1912, and Orville died in 1948. Their contribution to aviation is incalculable, and it is only appropriate that they are officially recognized today.

How to Observe Wright Brothers Day

Here are some ideas on how to celebrate the day:

• Visit the Wright Brothers National Memorial in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
• Attend the Wright Memorial Dinner in Washington D.C.
• Attend events for the day in Dayton, Ohio, and visit the Dayton Aviation National Historical Park, where the Wright Cycle Company Complex is located, and stop a the Wright Brothers Memorial.
• Visit the National Air and Space Museum, where the Wright Flyer is on display.
• Visit another aviation museum.
• Fly or take flight lessons.
• Read a book about the Wright brothers, such as David McCullough's The Wright Brothers.

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